Author's+Techniques

=//__Authors' Techniques: __//= Definition: Author's Techniques usually have to deal with the style which the author reveals character, conflict and themes. Working Definiton: Author’s techniques are the foundation of a strong story. An author uses these techniques to enhance his/her writing. __**//Examples://**__ //__1__//. Alliteration __//2.//__ Imagery
 * Author's Techniques**

**Allusion:** A reference to a historical or literary figure or event.

Example. “It has rained so long, it seems as though it has rained for 40 days and nights.” (This is reference to Noah's Arc, which is a well-known event.)

Example. “Harriet Tubman was called the Moses of her time.”

**Archetype**:  the original pattern or model from which all things of the same kind are copied or on which they are based. the original of whatever

example. // The Healthy Child balances responsibility with relaxation and is comfortable with both work and play. //

//Example. The Child allows himself to maintain his sense of youth while balancing the priorities of an adult life. //

//**Blank verse**:// poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.Example. All truths wait in all things, they neither hasten their own delivery nor resist it, they do not need the obstetric forceps of the surgeon.

Example. Lightning strikes as thunder roars Sending war across the skies. Blackness blankets light of night except when fire flashes bright, Blinding eyes to truth, to right. Tears of agony rain from irate clouds, Which smother joy, bringing moans of pain, despair, distress, Leaving open bleeding sores that never can be healed Until the battle ends With God’s peace revealed.

**__Aside:__**

__Dictionary Definition:__ a remark or passage in a play that is intended to be heard by the audience but is supposed to be unheard by the other characters in the play __Working Definition__ : something a character in a play said that not everyone there is supposed to hear. __Example__ : The balcony scene in Romeo and Juliet

Cacophony: Official Definition: harsh discordant sound; dissonance.

Working Definition: a really loud annoying sound.

E.g… In the movie of mighty ducks, when the horn goes off.

Catharsis : Official Definition: A purifying or figurative cleansing of emotions.

Working Definition: Meditating.

Eg… Karate kid ( Mr.Miyagi )

Characterization:

Official Definition: A description of qualities or peculiarities.

Working Definition: Giving something a character.

Eg… SpongeBob (Character)

Dramatic Irony:

Official Definition: Something the audience knows and the character doesn’t.

Working definition: Something the audience knows and the character doesn’t.

Eg… Malcolm in the middle.

Creative license: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 11px;">Having creative license means that a poet has freedom over what they decide to put in the poem and how they put it together

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Working Definition: the author could pretty much put what ever he wants in his story.

**__Exposition__**
__Dictionary definition__: A comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory. __Working definition:__ To explain a point of view. __Example:__ Documentary. ( The students prepared expositions on familiar essay topics.) Link: Dictionary.com and oxford dictionary.

To prevent the success of.
 * // 3) __Foil:__ //**

To stop persons attempt at something.
 * //__ In our own words: __//**

1) ‘The antagonist’s plans were foiled by the protagonists.’ 2) ‘When Romeo describes his love for Rosaline using the image of love as a rose with thorns. Mercutio mocks this convextminal desires by pumming bawdily: if love be rough with you, be rough with love.’
 * //__ Examples: __//**

E.g. 1) this book weighs a ton. 2) I am so hungry, I can eat a cow. @http://www.thefreedictionary.com/hyperbole __**Working Definition:**__ Ten syllables in each line E.g 1) If **mu-** / -sic **be** / the **food** / of **love**, / play **on – Willam Shakespeare** []
 * __Hyperbole__**
 * __Definition:__** A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect.
 * __Working Definition:__** Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.
 * __Iambic Pentameter__**
 * __Definition:__** A common meter in poetry consisting of anunrhymed line with five feet or accents,each foot containing an unaccented syllable
 * 2)** Is **this** / a **dag-** / -ger **I** / see **be-** / fore **me? -Willam Shakespeare**

=**Idiom:**=

__Dictionary definition__:group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words. __Working definition__ : A group of words. __Example__ : over the moon, see the light.

[]

**Alliteration:** When two or more words in a poem begin with the same letter or sound.

Example. “Dressy daffodils” is an example of alliteration because both the words begin with “d”. Alliteration is rhyming words but only comes at the front of the words instead of the end.

Example. “Rabbits running over roses” is another example of alliteration because rabbits running, and roses all begin with the same letter and sound the same.

__#aaffaa; color: #008800;">__Example. “It has rained so long, it seems as though it has rained for 40 days and nights.” (This is reference to Noah's Arc, which is a well-known event.) __#aaffaa; color: #008800;">__Example. __#aaffaa; color: #008800;">__“Harriet Tubman was called the Moses of her time.” __**Anthropomorphism:** Anthropomorphism is a form of personification that gives human characteristics to non-humans, inanimate objects. __
 * Allusion:**A reference to a historical or literary figure or event.

__ when you turn a real thing into something that doesn't exist __

__Example. “The dog in bathoven was playing basketball and wearing sneakers.”__

  the original pattern or model from which all things of the same kind are copied or on which they are based. the original of whatever  example.  The Healthy Child balances responsibility with relaxation and is comfortable with both work and play.  Example. The Child allows himself to maintain his sense of youth while balancing the priorities of an adult life.__
 * Archetype** :

//**Blank verse**:// poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.Example. All truths wait in all things, they neither hasten their own delivery nor resist it, they do not need the obstetric forceps of the surgeon.

Example. Lightning strikes as thunder roars Sending war across the skies. Blackness blankets light of night except when fire flashes bright, Blinding eyes to truth, to right. Tears of agony rain from irate clouds, Which smother joy, bringing moans of pain, despair, distress, Leaving open bleeding sores that never can be healed Until the battle ends With God’s peace revealed.

[|Imagery] definition: Language that produces pictures in the minds of people reacting or listening.
 * Imagery: **

Working definition: something that is decribed in such detail that you can picture it in your mind.


 * 1) The orange juice dripped from her mouth and fell to the floor.
 * 2) The black cat dissapeared through the fogy grey street.

__Dictionary definition__: A warning or indication of a future event __Working definition__: Hint or clue to what is going to happen in the future. __Example__: //(Very Special Shoes// by Morley Callaghan) the mother of Mary needed a lot of sleep and was very tired and at the end of the story we found out she was sick.
 * __Foreshadowing__**

[|Juxtaposition] Definition: To put people or things together.
 * Juxtaposition: **

Working definition: Being close together or side by side.

1. In a station of the Metro by Ezra Pound: The apparition of these faces in the crowd ; petals on a wet black bough. 2. The apparition of these faces in the crowd.

[|Metaphor] Definition: A word or phrase used to describe somebody.
 * Metaphor: **

Working Definition:a comparison without using like or as.

1.His neck was aslong as a giraffe 2."I'm a night owl, Wilson's an early bird. We're different species," [|Onomatopeia] Definition:The fact of words containing sounds similar to the noises they describe.
 * Onomatopeia: **

Working Definition:words described as sounds.

1."//Brrrrrrriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinng!// An alarm clock clanged in the dark and silent room." 2."//Chug, chug, chug. Puff, puff, puff. Ding-dong, ding-dong.// The little train rumbled over the tracks."

[|Oxymoron] Definition:A phrase that combines the word that seem to be the opposite of each other.
 * Oxymoron: **

Working Definition:A figure of speech.

1. A yawn may be defined as a silent yell. 2. Health food makes me sick

[|Paradox] A person, thing or situation that has two opposite features and therefore seems strange.
 * Paradox: **

Working definition:A figure of speech in which a statement opposes itself

1. Nobody goes to that restayrant, its too crowded. 2.Sont go near that water until you've learned to swim.

Personification (i):
[|OED definition]: (n) the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something non-human, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.

Working definition: Giving inanimate objects human feelings or charasterics.

Examples: 1. "Oreo: Milk’s favorite cookie." Milk is described as having a favourite cookie. 2. "The road isn't built that can make it breathe hard!" slogan for Chevrolet automobiles. 3.

Personafiction (ii):
OED definition: (n) refers to the practice of giving an actual personality to an abstraction. Working definition: giving a personality and human like character to an object or living thing.

Examples: 1. In The Chronicles of Narnia, Aslan the lion is given the personality as a superior person. He rules the land of Narnia, and is considered a God. The author gave him this personality to replace God as a human with an actual animal. 2. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, they are portrayed as teenage turtles in training to become great ninjas. 3. In the book “The Tale of Desperaux by Kate DeCamillo », Despauraux represents a knight with bravery and courage. He is a mouse. =Repition:=

OED definition: (n) the action of repeating something that has already been said or written, the recurrence of an action or event.

Working definition: the author uses this technique to send a message or to give a clue on what the story is about, the theme, etc.

Examples: 1. In Percy Jackson, the prophecies are repeated several times to remind Percy about what is going to happen in the future. It gives clues on what will be happening throughout the series. 2. “I think I can, I think I can, I think I can!” – Thomas the Tank Engine 3. The poem “Ash-Wednesday by T.S Eliot “Because I do not hope to turn again Because I do not hope Because I do not hope to turn.. » =Simile:= OED definition: (n) a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid.

Working definition: using like or as to compare things.

Examples: 1. The song “Hungry Like A Wolf” 2. « You’re tough as nails! » 3. You’re as cool as a Jedi Knight.

Situational Irony:
[|OED definition:] (n) irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected.

Working definition: a situation when something happens unexpectedly.

Examples: 1. In the Wizard of Oz, Dorothy travels to a wizard and fulfills the challenges she was given in order to go home, without knowing that she was able to return home all the time. 2. You buy yourself something after months of saving and then someone gets it for you for Christmas 3. In an episode of SpongeBob SquarePants, SpongeBob organized a party but only to be left locked out of his own house and then being arrested for attempting to break in. Upon his arrival in the morning, he found his house key hidden under the door mat all this time. (Episode “Party Pooper Pants”)

Symbolism

(n)// The practice of representing things by symbols, or of investing things with a symbolic meaning or character.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">__ Working definition: __ Sybolism is an author’s technique. When objects or things are used to represent ideas, usually abstract. They represent things we can’t see, touch, taste or hear. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">__ Examples: __ <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">1) red rose represents love. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">2)A countries flag represents a country. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">3)In [|Very Special Shoes by Morley Callaghan] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">The shoes represent the mothers special <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">Blessing and support.

<span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: normal;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">

= = =//__<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**Tragedy:** __//=

__Definition__: An event causing great suffering, destruction,distress, such as a serious accident, crime or natural catastrophe.

__Working definition__: A tragedy that could have been prevented but this tragedy was caused by making a wrong decision. __//**Examples:**//__ __//**1.**//__Deciding not to wear your seat belt and getting in a massive car accident. =//__Tragic Flaw:__//= __Definition__: A flaw in the character of the protagonist of a tragedy that bringsthe protagonist to ruin or sorrow. __Working Definition__: A defect in the protagonists’ character that leads to his/her own downfall. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">__//**1**//__.An example of a tragic flaw would be Oedipus' lack of knowledge about his adoption. Not knowing who his real parents were led him to unknowingly murder his father and marry his mother. Read more: [|http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Examples_of_tragic_flaw#ixzz1ZdS6HzQs] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">__//**2**//__.Another example is Othello, whose flaw was his jealousy. It lead him to murder his wife, thinking she had been unfaithful. Read more: [|http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Examples_of_tragic_flaw#ixzz1ZdSGPlwT]
 * __//2//__**. A boy wanted to ride his bike and decided not wear his helmet and falls head first.
 * //__Examples:__//**

=//__Tragic Hero:__//= <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">__Definition__: A tragic hero is a character in a work of fiction ( often the protagonist) who commits an action or makes a mistake which eventually leads to his or her defeat. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">__Working Definition__: When a character in a work of fiction which makes a mistake and it will probably lead to his or her defeat.
 * //__Examples:__//**
 * //__1__//**. Leonardo DiCaprio In Titanic - Shouldn't Have Given Up That Float, Jack..

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Read more: [|http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_some_examples_of_a_tragic_hero#ixzz1ZdQJJSAs] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">__**//2//**__.Gilgamesh was the very first tragic hero. He was a tragic hero because he had very many flaws and his future was already planned out for him. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Read more: [|http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_example_for_a_tragic_hero#ixzz1ZdSwRr8l]

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**__ Verbal irony: __**

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">__**Official definition:**__ //<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;"> (n) //<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Irony in which a person says or writes one thing and means another, or uses words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of the literal meaning. __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">Working definition: __ <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">Is an author’s technique. When a character or person says something but means something else usually the opposite. Used to keep the story, play, movie, poem interesting ir funny. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">__ Examples: __ <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">1)in the movie //[|Shrek]// <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">Donkey: “Can I stay with you? Please?” <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">Shrek: “Of course.”(verbal irony) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">Donkey: “Really?” <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">Shrek: “NO.” <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">2) feather light as lead <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">3) as clear as mud